je mets ici un début de définition : Enamel and enameloid have been classified into different types depending on their location and histological characteristics (Figure 1A). Mineralization of enamel and enameloid progresses in organic matrices (Berkovitz and Shellis, 2016) that are subsequently removed as they mature into hypermineralized inorganic tissues (Sasagawa, 1997; Fincham et al., 1999). Enamel grows in a non-collagenous matrix secreted by ameloblasts of epithelial origin (Fincham et al., 1999) and occurs in three main types: (1) true enamel, considered equivalent to mammalian tooth enamel (Smith, 1989); (2) multilayered ganoin (Schultze, 2016) on scales and their derivatives, found only in bichirs and gars among extant clades, as well as in diverse fossil actinopterygians (Sire et al., 2009); and (3) tooth collar enamel, which occurs in actinopterygians, including bichirs, gars, and extinct clades (Smith, 1995; Ishiyama et al., 1999; Sasagawa et al., 2013). Enameloid forms in a collagenous matrix secreted by both inner dental epithelial (IDE) cells and mesenchyme-derived odontoblasts (Poole, 1967), often characterized histologically by protruding dentine tubules (Smith, 1995). Enameloid constitutes an acrodin tooth cap in various extant and extinct actinopterygians (Shellis and Miles, 1974; Sasagawa et al., 2013; Schultze, 2016). Tooth collar enameloid occurs in teleosts (Shellis and Miles, 1974; Sasagawa, 1988; Smith, 1995). Enameloid is also found on the dental and dermal skeleton in chondrichthyans (including acanthodians), as well as in extinct jawed and jawless stem-gnathostomes (Donoghue et al., 2006; Rücklin et al., 2011; Keating et al., 2015).